Products with rising export strength from India

Products with rising export strength from India

Pearls, precious stones, metals, coins, etc(71)

Organic chemicals (29)

Pharmaceutical products(30)

Electrical, electronic equipment(85)

Cereals(10)

Lac, gums, resins, vegetable saps and extracts(13)

Textiles (52, 61,62 &63)

Marine products (03)

Meat and edible meat offal(02)

Coffee, tea, mate and spices (09)

Leather

Digital tools, apps that an exporter should use to enhance his global profile

To study what digital tools and apps can help businesses succeed in addressing and serving this attractive opportunity, let’s first look at the stages one must go through in establishing a successful exports business:

  1. Opportunity Discovery (including opportunity assessment & readiness);
  2. Transaction Consummation (finding buyers & transacting);
  3. Trade Documentation (managing a ‘seemingly’ complex transaction chain);
  4. Trade Finance (funding working capital requirements and claiming sops & subsidies);


Let’s take a look at the tools that are a must to be used by the exporter community, no matter what stage they may be in:

NiryatBandhu: The online course provided by the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade and Ministry of Commerce helps exporters to learn the basics of import-export business digitally. There is no eligibility criteria for the course and one needs to just pay a basic fee of Rs 2000 for the examination.

Indian Trade Portal: It is crucial for current and prospective exporters to know the tariffs, concessions and requirements of various markets and that can be found on the FIEO-managed India Trade Portal site. The site has detailed tutorials on the basics of exporting, understanding banging regulations, foreign trade policy and also know about the new tenders from the countries around the world.

FIEO GlobalLinker: Gone are the days where exports were only done through family and friends residing abroad. With digital access to networking communities, exporters and prospective exporters can join the growing business communities and create a quality profile and product catalogues that can be discovered by potential business partners. FIEO GlobalLinker is one such free solution. Becoming a part of ‘groups’ of such solutions can help a budding exporter immensely.

India Trade Fair: India Trade Promotion Organisation organises a vast number of events and exhibitions throughout the year, and the events are held for the exporters in Pragati Maidan facility in New Delhi.

TradeIndia: Participating in B2B marketplaces and creating your own digital eCommerce & supply chain solutions efficiently helps close transactions. TradeIndia helps to promote exporters’ product or services online to a wider business community. It’s an efficient platform for buyers and sellers around the world to interact and conduct business smoothly.

Exim Bank: Export-Import Bank is a government agency and a key player in the promotion of cross border trade. The bank is useful in financing export and import of goods and services by providing loans, export credit, post-shipment discounting of invoice and goods insurance.

Those who can smartly use the wide range of resources available, stand to benefit more from the world of foreign trade and help India achieve its dream of being the largest and an export-driven economy. They say, there are many ways to serve the nation, and being an exporter is one rewarding way to serve this great nation

best website for exports

1.alibaba :
This is the largest B2B portal in the world; you can put 50 products on it for free. Enough products and companies on it. Compare to soldouteasy, its data not open to other search engines. Only customers of alibaba can get you products information.
2.manta :
Manta is not a B2B marketplace actually. Rather, it provides company profiles for Business to Business industry.
3.eWorldTrade:
Fairly new to the B2B industry, eWorldTrade has earned a good enough reputation quickly. A subsidiary of Reckon Media LLC, a firm that provides digital media and technological services, based in the US. eWorldTrade itself has its operational unit around the world.
It is the only B2B marketplace currently offering up to 10 leads free of cost when you sign up to it.
3.indiamart :
Created in India, 70% customers are in India, it is a good place to do the India market.
4.made-in-china:
China manufacturer directory and China products catalog, providing trade leads among China factory, manufacturers, suppliers, and global buyers.
5. dhgate;
A totally new hybrid in B2B industry, DHgate.com is also serving a third-party payment escrow. The buyers pay through PayPal and funds are deposited into DHgate account.
Founded by the China Internet Information Center, China.cn is a government authorized B2B website based in Beijing, the capital city of China.
7.ioffer:
Online marketplace to buy, sell and trade.
8.tradeindia:
India’s largest online B2B e-marketplace, offering online business directory and yellow pages of Indian & Foreign manufacturers, exporters, suppliers, importers & service providers.
9.globalsources:
It has a very big data base system of Asia; it is a excellent place to find your customers or your potential partners from Asia.
10.diytrade:
Launched in the year 1999 with the name eBigChina and renamed in the year 2006 it is regarded as one of the best trading platforms with a staggering number of more than five million products. It offers huge range of products available in different categories and the aim of their company is to integrate ecommerce with their daily business activities.
alibaba.com —leading b2b marketplace
eWorldTrade b2b marketplace that Offers upto 10 free b2b leads to all new signup’s
iOffer.com — a marketplace for both B2B and B2C largest .
globalspec.com — more like a catalog of manufacturers & suppliers
buyerzone.com — Operating mostly for SME’s

EXPORT INDIA SCHEME


EXPORT FROM INDIA SCHEME

MEIS (
Merchandise Exports from India Scheme)
MEIS scheme for exporters was introduced in recent Foreign Trade Policy of India 2015-20 by consolidating previous different schemes such as Vishesh Krishi Gram Udyog Yojana (VKGUY), Focus Product Scheme (FPS), Agri-Infrastructure Incentive Scrip), Market Linked Focus Product Scheme (MLFPS) etc with modification. MEIS scheme extends benefits to more than 5000 export items and the duty credit scrips helps exporters in payment of Customs Duties for import of inputs or goods, payment of excise duties on domestic procurement of inputs or goods, payment of service tax on procurement of services, payment of Customs Duty and fee etc.
SEIS (Service Exports from India Scheme)
The foreign Trade Policy of India 2015-20 introduced SEIS (Service Exports from India Scheme) for service exporters by modifying SFIS scheme of previous years by benefiting all service providers of India including foreign brand of Indian Companies. Detailed articles about SEIS have been written in this web blog, you may click here to read.
ASSISTANCE FROM TRADE PROMOTION COUNCILS AND COMMODITY BOARDS
You may  also contact concerned trade promotion council and commodity board for more details.

DUTY EXEMPTION AND REMISSION SCHEME FOR EXPORTERS:
Advance Authorization Scheme (AA scheme):As per foreign trade policy of India, inputs are allowed to import without duty payment for export purpose. The licensing authority fixes value addition on export products not below 15%. A stipulated period to import is allowed and validity for export obligation. For more details, contact nearest DGFT office (Director General of Foreign Trade, Government of India). I have mentioned a short note on Advance Authorization Scheme in this web blog separately, you can click here to read. Advance Authorization for annual requirement is also issued for items having standard input output norms those exporters having past export performance, minimum preceding two financial years.

Export Duty Drawback of Customs, Central Excise and Service Tax
Duty paid inputs against exported products is refunded to exporters in the form of Duty Drawback. If the rates of such items are scheduled under Drawback schedule, the amount of drawback is refunded accordingly. If not scheduled, a separate application has to be filed to fix Brand Rate. Detailed articles on Duty Drawback and Brand rate are available in this web blog with method of claim. Procedures to claim duty drawback

Brand rate under Duty Drawback for Exporters
If Duty Drawback rate has not been mentioned in schedule, exporters can approach concerned authority for Brand rate. The detailed article is available in this website, click here to read : What is Brand rate? Procedures to claim Brand rate

Rebate of Service Tax through all industry rates for Exporters
Service tax refund paid is reimbursable on specified output services used for export of goods at specified all industry rates fixed time to time by the authority.

EXPORT BENEFIT OF DUTY FREE IMPORT AUTHORIZATION
DFIA (Duty Free Import Authorization) scheme is the export scheme introduced by DGFT by clubbing DEEC (Advance License) and DFRC to support exporters for free import of inputs. I have written a separate updated article in detail about Duty Free Import Authorization (DFIA). You may click here to read.

DEPB, ANOTHER ADVANTAGE TO EXPORTER
DEPB (Duty Entitlement Pass Book) scheme is another export incentive scheme in India. At present, DEPB can be claimed post export. Import customs duty credit is allowed to exporters to neutralize the customs import duty against export of goods. Also read Can DEPB/DEEC bill can be converted to Drawback

EPCG SCHEME TO PROMOTE EXPORTS
Export Promotion Capital Goods (EPCG) scheme helps exporters to import capital goods with zero import duty for the purpose of production of export products with a commitment of export obligation period with licensing authority. Certain rate of relaxation is allowed to sell in local market after fulfilling export obligation. A detailed article about EPCG (Export Promotion Capital Goods) can be read in this website. How does EPCG work? EPCG under new Foreign Trade Policy 2015-20 Difference between EPCG and ECGC

CENTRAL EXCISE REBATE OF DUTY FOR EXPORTERS
Rebate of duty paid on excisable goods exported or duty paid on the material used in manufacture of such export goods may be claimed. Also read: Procedure for Central Excise Clearance Under Claim of Rebate

CENTRAL EXCISE DUTY EXEMPTION ON EXPORTS
Excisable goods are exempted to pay export excise duty with simple procedures with central excise department. Necessary registration of premise, factory or warehouse is required to be completed with concerned central excise department by executing bond. Click here to read Central Excise clearance procedures

DEEMED EXPORT BENEFITS
Deemed Export transactions are those transactions in which the goods supplied do not leave the country and the payment for such supplies is received either in Indian rupees or in free foreign exchange. You may go through this link to know in detail about Deemed Exports. Deemed exporters get benefit of refund of excise duty paid on final products, Duty drawback, imports under DEEC scheme, Special import licenses based on value of deemed exports etc. 

INCOME TAX BENEFITS FOR EXPORTERS
Income tax exemption to exporters are allowed by government in different categories. You may contact your nearest Income Tax Department to know latest updated information on income tax exemptions to exporters in India.
SALES TAX / VAT EXEMPTION TO EXPORTERS
No sales tax is required to pay for exports. The facility is extended to the suppliers of goods for export also. Value Added Tax (VAT) is also exempted for export goods. The details of such exemption of sales tax / VAT is available with the concerned Sales Tax Department. 
BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS BENEFITS TO EXPORTERS
Trade Agreement between countries promote exports each other by providing different special schemes to exporters. 

POST OFFICE CLEARANCE FACILITY TO EXPORTERS
Post office clearance facility is also available for exporters who would like to export/import clear the goods in India. Read more: 

BANK ASSISTANCE FOR EXPORTERS
Many financial assistances with different schemes are given to exporters to boost exports in India. Pre Shipment Credit in Foreign Currency (PCFC) and in INR, Packing Credit loans, Supplier’s credit, Buyer’s credit, Post shipment Finance, short term and long term finance, Finance for special export projects, Working capital finance, Capital Equipment Finance, Fund for export consultancy and technological services, different guarantees for exports like Advance Payment Guarantee, Performance Guarantee, Retention Money Guarantee, Guarantee for customs, central excise and other government and private agencies etc. Banks also provide financial assistance to Export Oriented Units (EOU), Special Economic Zones (SEZs), Corporates, STPs, EHTPs, FTZs, MSMEs etc. Bank also provides Line of Credit mechanism for export of projects, equipment, goods and services from India.
Authorized banks also provide exporters to open Foreign currency account in the form of EEFC (Exchange Earners Foreign Currency) to help them in handling foreign currency easily without local currency fluctuation and to eliminate currency conversion charges. Many other services are also provided to exporters in India by authorized banks to boost exports for favourable balance of payments.
ECGC (EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE CORPORATION)
Export Credit Guarantee Corporation (ECGC) protects exporters in covering credit risk of overseas buyers. Click here to read more.

FEDERATION OF INDIAN EXPORTERS ORGANISATION
FIEO also plays a major role in promoting exports in India by assisting exporters in various ways.

EXPORT SUPPORT FROM CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE
Chamber of Commerce at different parts of the country and Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) help exporters in various ways to promote exporters in earning foreign currency to strengthen economy.

EXPORT ASSISTANCE FROM INDUSTRIES’ ASSOCIATIONS
The support from Exporters Organization formed privately also plays a major role in sharing practical problems facing by industry and helps to find solutions. Such exporter’s association takes up their issues with government time to time, so as to enable the government to introduce new policy or to amend existing one.

CENTRAL ASSISTANCE TO STATES FOR EXPORTS (ASIDE)
Assistance to States for Infrastructural Development for Exports (ASIDE) has been introduced by Central Government with an objective to involve States / Under Takings in export effort by providing assistance to the State Governments or State Under Takings Administrations for creating appropriate infrastructure for development and growth of exports.
TOWNS OF EXPORT EXCELLENCE (TEE)
India government declared a list of towns of export excellence where specialized export products are promoted. Click here to know towns of export excellence

BENEFITS TO SPECIAL GROUP OF EXPORTERS

BENEFITS FOR EXPORTERS FROM CERTAIN REGIONS
Exporters and manufacturers from special region such as Sikkim, Jammu and Kashmir etc. are given specific benefits by government. The exporters can contact the related government agencies for more details.
Export benefits to units having ISO 9000 (series) / ISO 14000 (series) / WHOGMP / HACCP / SEI CMM level-II and above status
Export units holding special status are also eligible for different exports benefits from government modifying time to time.

SSI/MSME BENEFITS
There are many schemes available for Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) and SSI (Small Scale Industries) including scheme to promote exports. You may approach concerned office. Benefits to MSME

Export benefits to Free Trade Zones (FTZ)
Export Units in Free Trade Zones can enjoy zero excise duty on goods manufactured for export purpose. Import customs duty is exempted for import of components used for manufacturing export goods. Domestic Tariff Area (DTA) sales up to certain rate is allowed.
Advantages like Single point contact service, income tax benefits, DTA sales up to certain limit and many other export benefits can be enjoyed for units of Electronic Hardware Technology Park (EHTP)

Export benefits for 
Software Technology Parks
Many advantages like Foreign equity permission, income tax benefits, DTA sales up to certain limit and many other supports can be enjoyed for the units under STP.

Advantages to 100% Export Oriented Units (EOUs)
Import of second hand capital goods, re export of capital goods, income tax benefits, DTA sales up to certain limit and many other government assistances can be enjoyed by Export Oriented Units.

Export benefits to Bio Technology Park (BTP)
income tax benefits, re export of capital goods, DTA sales up to certain limit and many other conveniences can be enjoyed from different government and non-government agencies to BTP.

Export merits for Agri Export Zone(AEZs)
income tax benefits, re export of capital goods, DTA sales up to certain limit and many other export advantages can be availed for Agri Export Zone (AEZs)

Advantages of Electronic Hardware Technology Parks(EHTPs)
income tax benefits, re export of capital goods, DTA sales up to certain limit and may other export supports can be enjoyed by Electronic Hardware Technology Parks (EHTPs).

Export supports to Special Economic Zones
Government provides many benefits to Special Economic Zones in India to create an internationally competitive and smooth working environment for exports and thereby economic development of the country. Some of the advantages enjoyed by SEZ are single window clearance, free import of goods, exemption of customs duty for import of capital goods, consumables, raw materials, spares etc, reimbursement of CST, 0% income tax for 5 years, Foreign Direct Investment, exemption on MAT, Service Tax, DDT, CST, Service Tax, External commercial borrowing facility etc. and many more.
  scheme is introduced under Foreign Trade Policy 2015-20 to encourage export of notified Services from India.
Instead of Indian Service providers the term SEIS reads as SERVICE PROVIDERS LOCATED IN INDIA.
The rate of SEIS scheme under Foreign Trade Policy 2015-20 is based on net foreign exchange earned on services. The reward issued as duty credit scrip, would no longer be with actual user condition and will no longer be restricted to usage for specified types of goods but be freely transferable and usable for all types of goods and services tax 3 debits on procurement of services / goods. Debits would be eligible for CENVAT credit or drawback.
The present rates of reward are 3% and 5%. The list of services and the rates of rewards would be reviewed after 30.9.2015.

SEIS, Service Exports from India Scheme
Foreign Trade Policy 2015-20 bHere we discuss about SEIS, Services Exports from India Scheme introduced as per Foreign Trade Policy of India 2015-2020 from 1st of April 2015 to 31st of March, 2020.
SEIS, Services Exports from India Scheme under Foreign Trade Policy of India 2015-20 is a modification of SEIS, Served from India Scheme under Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14.
When shall SEIS come in to force?
The SEIS Scheme shall come into force with effect from the date of notification of this Policy, i.e. the rewards under SEIS shall be admissible for exports made/services rendered on or after the date of notification of this Policy.

Export Benefits and Incentives in India

How does exports benefit to exporters in India? What are the financial assistance to exporters? Advantages of Exports in India? What are the different government schemes to exporters? How does bank help exporters financiallyFinancial assistance,benefits and supports to Exporters in India? Different financial schemes and other supports of Export Promotion Councils. Who are the organizations and agencies supporting exporters in India and how?

The below mentioned export benefits, schemes, financial assistance and other support to exporters in India by government and other different agencies could be withdrawn or modified. The actual beneficiaries may reconfirm with the concerned authorities whether such export benefits are valid.

What are the legal documents in exports in India

Are there any documents to be filed legally under export from India? If yes, what are those legal documents under exports? Why legal documents for exports? How do those legal documents work?
What are the legal documents in exports
As you are aware, export means taking goods outside territory border of a country and imports means bringing in to the territory border of a country.
For each exports, foreign currencies flows into a country . As well as there should be proper record of details of description goods, value of goods and other details are to be recorded by the government of each country.
The major legal document for export is GR/PP form/SOFTEX form.
The exporter must file any one of GR,PP form or Softex form depends up on the nature of exports.
What is GR? How does it work?
G.R.forms are issued by Reserved Bank of India to regulate and monitor foreign exchange transactions against export of goods under physical forms. Exporter has to collect blank G.R.forms from RBI. The forms are in duplicate. Exporter had to sign both copies and arranged to deliver to Customs House Agents for filing with customs. While filing shipping documents by customs house agents, a Xerox true copy of shipping bill to be impressed on the G.R.form. Once customs formalities completed, original G.R form is submitted with customs and duplicate copy of G.R. sends back to the exporter. Exporter submits duplicate GR form with their bank along with other shipping documents. Exporter’s bank sends back the said duplicate GR form to RBI for foreign exchange regulations. Customs department also sends back the original GR copy to RBI. PP form is used, if shipment by Post office. After introduction of online filing of shipping bill for export where in electronic filing system is available (EDI) , these procedures have been waived off by Reserve Bank of India as such GR details are electronically transferred from customs department to Reserve bank directly. However, GR forms are mandatory at export customs locations where EDI facility is not available.
What is SOFTEX form? How does SOFTEX form work?
SOFTEX forms are to be filed with STPI to regulate inward outward remittance by Reserve Bank under export of goods in non-physical form, either domestic or offshore. The products includes computer software, export of Video and TV software and all other types of software products and packages which are falling under goods of non physical form.
   
SOFTEX form is issued by Reserve Bank foreign exchange department. All software forms under STP units are eligible to obtain SOFTEX forms from Foreign exchange department of Reserve bank once after submitting self-certified copy of overseas buyer’s contract/purchase order or work order with STPI office as per 7(a) of SOFTEX form for declaration. SOFTEX forms are issued in triplicate. These SOFTEX forms are to be submitted by STP units within 30 days of issue of export invoice or within 30 days of last invoiced released in a month. Once exports effected, after necessary certification by STPI director’s office, the said SOFTEX forms are sent to Reserve bank. SOFTEX blank forms are obtained from foreign exchange department of Reserve bank by the STP units in triplicate. Once after effecting sales, the said SOFTEX forms in triplicate are submitted with STPI for necessary approval / endorsement by director of STPI under the jurisdiction of STP units. After certification of three copies of SOFTEX forms, original and duplicate are returned to STP units and triplicate copy is retained by STPI units. Once after exports effected, the duplicate copy of softex form is submitted with authorized dealer bank along with the necessary supporting documents. Original SOFTEX form is submitted with Reserve Bank’s exchange control department within the jurisdiction of STP unit. Once after receipt of foreign exchange under the said SOFTEX form, authorized bank returns the said duplicate copy of SOFTEX form to Reserve Bank.
What is PP form in Exports? How does PP form work in Exports?
PP forms are used under export through Post office. If you effect shipment through post office, PP form need to be filed up by exporter duly signed and sealed. PP form is a declaration by exporter mentioning the details of goods exporting through post office. These details contains the description of goods, value of goods, term of payment, terms of delivery, port of loading, port of discharge, country of destination, shipper details, consignee details etc.etc.

Inspection Certificates and Quality Control. for exports

  • Introduction
  • ISI Certification
  • AgMmark Certification
  • Benefits of ISI and Agmark Certification
  • In-Process Quality Control (IPQC)
  • Self Certification Scheme
  • ISO 9000
 
Introduction :
An important aspect about the goods to be exported is compulsory quality control and pre-shipment inspection. For this purpose, Export Inspection Council (EIC) was set up by the Government of India under Section 3 of the Export (Quality Control and Inspection) Act, 1963. It includes more than 1000 commodities which are organized into various groups for a compulsory pre-shipment inspection. It includes Food and Agriculture, Fishery, Minerals, Organic and Inorganic Chemicals, Rubber Products, Refractoriness, Ceramic Products, Pesticides, Light Engineering, Steel Products, Jute Products, Coir and Coir Products, Footwear and Footwear Products. . The Act empowers the Central Government to notify commodities and their minimum standards for exports, generally international standards or standards of the importing countries and to set up suitable machinery for inspection and quality control. The EIC is assisted in its functions by the Export Inspection Agencies (EIAs) located at Chennai, Kochi, Kolkata, Delhi and Mumbai having a network of 38 sub-offices and laboratories to back up the pre-shipment inspection and certification activity. In addition, EIC also designates inspection agencies and laboratories to supplement its own activities as required. Presently 42 inspection agencies have been designated for inspection of minerals and iron ore and 14 labs for supplementing EIC’s testing for primarily food products. The designation is done based on international norms namely ISO 17020 and ISO 17025 for inspection agencies and labs respectively.
ISI Certification :
Indian Standards Institute now known as Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) is a registered society under a Government of India. BIS main functions include the development of technical standards, product quality and management system certifications and consumer affairs.
Agmark Certification :
AgMark is an acronym for Agricultural Marketing and is used to certify the food products for quality control. Agmark has been dominated by other quality standards including the non manufacturing standard ISO 9000.
Benefits of ISI and Agmark Certification :
Products having ISI Certification mark or Agmark are not required to be inspected by any agency. These products do not fall within the purview of the export inspection agencies network. The Customs Authorities allow export of such goods even if not accompanied by any pre-shipment inspection certificate, provided they are otherwise satisfied that the goods carry ISI Certification or the Agmark.
In-Process Quality Control (IPQC) :
In-Process Quality Control (IPQC) inspection is mainly done for engineering products and is applied at the various stages of production. Units approved under IPQC system of in-process quality control may themselves issue the certificate of inspection, but only for the products for which they have been granted IPQC facilities. The final certificate of inspection on the end-products is then given without in-depth study at the shipment stage.
Self Certification Scheme :
Under the self Certification Scheme, large exporters and manufacturers are allowed to inspect their product without involving any other party. The facility is available to manufacturers of engineering products, chemical and allied products and marine products. Self-Certification is given on the basis that the exporter himself is the best judge of the quality of his products and will not allow his reputation to be spoiled in the international market by compromising on quality. Self-Certification Scheme is granted to the exporter for the period of one year. Exporters with proven reputation can obtain the permission for self certification by submitting an application to the Director (Inspection and Quality Control), Export Inspection Council of India, 11th Floor, Pragati Tower, 26 Rajendra Place, New Delhi.
ISO 9000 :
The discussion on inspection certificate and quality control is incomplete without ISO-9000. Established in 1987, ISO 9000 is a series of international standards that has been accepted worldwide as the norm assuring high quality of goods. The current version of ISO 9000 is ISO 9000:2000.
Strengthening Laboratory Capabilities :
EIC is also concentrating on strengthening of its laboratory capabilities. The laboratories at Mumbai, Kochi, Chennai, Bhubaneswar, Veraval and Quilon were upgraded with new equipment including Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS), Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS), Gas Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (GCHRMS) etc. depending on the requirements. In addition, implementation of systems as per ISO 17025 was a focus area and the laboratories at Chennai, Mumbai and Kolkata continued to strengthen such systems and were assessed for accreditation by National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL). The lab at Chennai received NABL accreditation wef 17 October 2007 while the lab at Kochi is already accredited. EIC also has labs at 13 sub offices for doing routine microbiological and some heavy metal testing. These Sub-office laboratories were also prepared for implementation of ISO 17025 and basic documents were developed.

free-market-research-tools

what is certification of origin

Certificate of Origin is an instrument which establishes evidence o­n origin of goods imported into any country.These certificates are essential for exporters to prove where their goods come from and therefore stake their claim to whatever benefits goods of Indian origin may be eligible for in the country of exports.
There are two categories of Certificate of Origin – (1) Preferential and (2) Non-Preferential
Preferential arrangement/scheme under which India is receiving tariff preferences for its exports are:  
·    Generalised System of Preferences (GSP)
·  Global System of Trade Preferences (GSTP)
·  SAARC Preferential Trading Agreement (SAPTA)
·  Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA)
·  India-SriLanka Free Trade Agreement (ISLFTA)
·  Indo-Thailand Free Trade Agreement
· India-Malaysia Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (IMCECA)
·  India-Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA)
·  India-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IJCEPA)
·  Asean-India Free Trade Agreement  
These Preferential arrangements/agreements prescribe Rules of Origin which have to be met for exports to be eligible for tariff preference. 
Authorisedagencies o­n charging a fee asprescribed by them provides services relating to issue of Certificate of Origin, including details regarding rules of origin, list of items covered by an agreement, extent of tariff preference, verification and certification n of eligibility. 
ExportInspection Council (EIC) is agency authorized to print blank certificates. 
Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) 
It is a non-contractual instrument by which industrialized (developed) countries unilaterally and based o­n non-reciprocity extend tariff concessions to developing countries. Presently following countries extend tariffpreferences under their GSP Scheme:
(i)USA (ii)New Zealand (iii)Belarus
(iv)EU (v)Japan (vi)Russia
(vii)Canada (viii)Norway (ix)Australia (only to LDCs)
(x)Switzerland (xi)Bulgaria
Normally Customs of GSP offering countries require information in Form ‘A’ (prescribed for GSP Rules of Origin) duly filled by exporters of beneficiary countries and certified by the authorized agencies.
List of agencies authorized to issue GSP Certificate of Origin is given at Appendix 4A to the Hand Book of Procedures vol.I
Global System of Trade Preference (GSTP)
UnderGSTP, tariff concessions are exchanged among developing countries who have signed agreement.Presently 46 countries are members of GSTP and India has exchanged tariff concessions with 12countries o­n a limited number of products.Export Inspection Council (EIC)is sole agency authorized to issue Certificate of Origin under GSTP.
SAARC Preferential Trading Agreement (SAPTA)
SAARC members namelyIndia, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Maldives offering tariff concessions among SAARC countries. List of agencies authorized to issue Certificate of Origin is given at Appendix 4B to the Hand Book of Procedures vol.I(FIEO is o­ne of the agencies authorized to issue Certificate)
Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA)
APTA offers liberalization of tariff and non-tariff barriers in order to expand trade in goods in Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP) region.Presently Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, South Korea, India and China are exchanging tariff concessions under APTA.List of Agencies authorized to issue Certificate of Origin under APTA is given in Appendix 4B to the Hand Book of Procedures vol.I (FIEO is o­ne of the agencies authorized to issue Certificate)
India-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement (ISLFTA)
This Free Trade Agreement is between India and Sri Lanka which offers tariff concession by the Governments of both countries.Export Inspection Council is sole agency to issue Certificate of Origin under this agreement.
India Afghanistan Preferential Trade Agreement
This preferential trade agreement is betweenGovernments of India and Afghanistan.ExportInspection Council is the sole agency to issue Certificate of Origin under this Agreement.
India – Thailand Frame work Agreement for Free Trade Area
India and Thailand have signed protocol to implement Early Harvest Scheme under India-Thailand Free Trade Agreement offering tariff preferences for imports o­n items of Early Harvest Scheme o­nly to those products which satisfy Rules of Origin criteria notified by the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance vide notification no 101/2004-Customs dated 31.08.2004.Export Inspection Council is the sole agency to issue Certificate of Origin under this protocol.  
India- Malaysia Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (IMCECA)
This Comprehensive Economic Cooperation agreement is between Government of India and Malaysia. Export Inspection Council is the sole agency to issue Certificate of Origin under this Agreement, with effect from 1st July 2011.
India-Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA)
The Government of India and the Republic of Korea have signed the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) to liberalize and facilitate trade in goods and services and expand investment between the Countries. Export Inspection Council is the sole agency to issue Certificate of Origin under this Agreement.

India-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IJCEPA)
The Government of India and the Government of Japan have signed the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) to increase investment opportunities and strengthen protection for investments and investment activities between the Countries. Export Inspection Council is the sole agency to issue Certificate of Origin under this Agreement.


Certificate of Origin (non-preferential for exports to Mexico under NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement)

Following the implementation of NAFTA, the Government of Mexico introduced the obligatory certificate of origin rule in terms of which, the Certificate of Origin of Indian products to be exported to Mexico must be attested by designated officials of the authorised EPCs/Trade bodies/Chambers of Commerce or the authorities so empowered (FIEO is o­ne of the authorised agency to sign the Certificate of Origin).
Non Preferential
Government have also nominated certain agencies to issue Non Preferential Certificate of Origin in accordance with Article II of International Convention Relating to simplification of Customs formalities,1923.These Certificate of Origins evidence origin of goods and do not bestow anyright to preferential tariffs.
List ofagencies authorized to issue Non Preferential Certificate of Origin is given in Appendix 4C to the Hand Book Procedures vol.I. (FIEO is o­ne of the agencies authorized to issue Certificate)
Exporters desiring Non preferential Certificate of Origin may apply any agency enlisted in Appendix 4C to Hand Book of Procedures vol.I with following documents: 
  1. Details of quantum/origin of inputs/consumables used in export product.
  2. Two copies of Invoices
  3. Packing List in duplicate for concerned invoice
  4. Fee not exceeding Rs.100 per certificate as may be prescribed by concerned agency. 
Theconcerned agency would ensure that goods are of Indian origin as per general principles governing rules of origin before granting Non Preferential Certificate of Origin.The Certificate would be issued as per format given in Annexure II to Appendix 4C to the Hand Book of Procedures. It should be ensured that no correction/re-type is made o­n the Certificate. 
In case of tea, exporters who are required to submit Certificate of Origin (Non Preferential) are to apply to Tea Board or any Inspection Agency authorized by Tea Board and enlisted in Appendix 4C of Hand Book of Procedures vol.I along with documents listed above. 
PROCEDURE FOR ISSUE OF CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN 
1.CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN o­n REGULAR BASIS
For obtaining Certificate of Origin o­n regular basis, exporters are required to furnish a Permanent Indemnity Bond o­n a stamp paper of Rs.50/- duly attested as per format given below :
“The Director General
Federation of Indian Export Organisations
New Delhi.
Dear Sir,
In consideration of the Federation of Indian Export Organisations, New Delhi and its Regional Offices from time to time, giving or Authenticating Certificate of Origin, legalizing Invoices and other documents in respect of goods for exportation by
(Name and Address of Shippers)
We hereby certify that all particulars contained in Invoices or other documents presented to the Federation by us in our name for their certification or authentication or legalisation shall be true and accurately set forth, and further that we shall at all times, INDEMNIFY and keep indemnified the Federation and its officials against all claims and demands that may at any time be made against them or any of them by reason of issuing or authentication or legalisation of such certificates, invoices and other documents as aforesaid.          
Yours faithfully,
(Signature & Rubber Stamp of the Shippers)
Place:
Dated:
Witness:1. ______________
2. ______________
     2.CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN o­n 
           INDIVIDUAL SHIPMENT BASIS
Exporters wishing to obtain Certificate of Origin o­n specific/individual shipment basis will be required to submit an Indemnity Bond on a stamp paper of Rs.10/- duly attested as per format given below :
“The Director General
Federation of Indian Export Organisations
New Delhi.
Dear Sir,
In consideration of your signing the Certificate of Origin, and prices, at our request for the under-mentioned shipment to (place), to the effect that the goods are the produce or manufacture of the Republic of India and that the prices shown against them are correct, we hereby agree to indemnify the Federation against any claim or demand that may at any time be made against the Federation by reason of the Certificate of Origin and prices having been so issued. 
Marks No.
Description
Of Goods
Name
of
Steamer
Date of Shipment
/ Bill of Lading
V
A
L
U
E
 Yours faithfully,
(Signature & Rubber Stamp of the Shippers)
Place:
Dated:
Witness:1. ______________
2. ______________
  
3.DETAILS OF CHARGES 
  
The schedule of charges (subject to revision without notice) are as under :
  
Particulars
For Members
For Non-Members
a. Certificate of Origin (8 copies)
b. Certification of Invoice (8 copies)
c. Additional copies (up to 8 copies)
d. Correction charges (per copy)
e. Certification of any other documents, like packing list 
    etc. (on per document basis)
f.Proforma for Certificate of Origin (for 50 sheets)
Rs.100/-
Rs.50/-
Rs.50/-
Rs.10/-
Rs.10/-
Rs.50/-
Rs.200/-
Rs.100/-
Rs.100/-
Rs.20/-
Rs.20/-
Rs.50/-
4.DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED ALONGWITH APPLICATION 

A covering letter to FIEO for issue of Certificate of Origin/Certification of copies of Invoices/Packing List, etc.The letter should also indicate that the information furnished in the relevant documents is true and correct.

  1. Indemnity Bond.
  2. 9 copies of the Certificate of Origin duly completed along with o­ne copy of the invoice for FIEO records having following declaration: 
 “We hereby declare that the goods mentioned in this invoice are of Indian Origin and manufacture.”
In case copies of invoices are also required to be attested, 9 copies of the same may also be submitted with the above declaration.https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2828107132000738644#editor/target=post;postID=6524630876653681877

http://www.femalaw1999.in/trade-finance1.htm

FEMA COMPLIANCES
IIBF Forex Operations Exam -CCFE (Sudhir Kochhar —Member of IIBF)

1) Name the two schemes introduced under the new foreign trade policy?

a. Merchandise Export from India Scheme & Services Export from India Scheme
b. Services Export from India Scheme & Services Import from India Scheme
c. Services Import from India Scheme & Merchandise Export from India Scheme
d. Merchandise Import from India Scheme & Services Export from India Scheme

ANSWER: Merchandise Export from India Scheme & Services Export from India Scheme

2) Consider the following statements about the Foreign Trade Policy 2015-20 unveiled on 1st Apr’15.
A. This policy focuses on boosting exports and create jobs while supporting the Centre’s Make In India’ and Digital India’ programs.
B. The new policy is to create architecture for the Indian economy so that it can gain global competitiveness and promote the diversification of Indian export.
C. The policy is to move towards paperless working in 24×7 environments.
D. The policy comes at a time when export growth contracted 15 per cent in February 2014-15, reporting a negative growth for the third consecutive month.
ANSWER: All of the above is correct


Make in India’ and “Digital India” programme.

3. Status Holders Merchant as well as Manufacturer Exporters, Service Providers, Export Oriented Units (EOUs) and Units located in Special Economic Zones (SEZs), Agri. Export Zones (AEZs), Electronic Hardware Technology Parks (EHTPs), Software Technology Parks (STPs) and Bio-Technology Parks (BTPs) are recognized as various status holders as follows: MOST IMPORTANT
Status Business in million US dollars
One Star Export House 3
Two Star Export House 25
Three Star Export House 100
Four Star Export House   500
Five Star Export House     2000

4. In relation to INCOTERMS, which of the following is incorrect:
(a) Under the “E”-term (EXW), the seller only makes the goods available to the buyer at the seller’s own premises.
(b) Under the “F”-terms (FCA, FAS and FOB), the seller is called upon to deliver the goods to a carrier appointed by the buyer.
(c) Under the “C”-terms (CFR, CIF, CPT and CIP), the seller has to contract for carriage, but without assuming the risk of loss or damage to the goods or additional costs due to events occurring after shipment or dispatch.
(d) Under the “D”-terms (DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU and DDP), the seller has to bear all costs and risks in advance needed to bring the goods to the place of destination.
(e) All are correct
Answer: (e) All are Correct
5. INCOTERMS are devised and published by
 (a) International Chamber of Commerce (b) World Bank (c) World Trade Organization (d) United Nations
Answer: ICC
6. A price agreed on CIF basis
(a) does not include the freight charges
(b) includes freight charges up to the port of loading
(c) includes freight charges up to the port of unloading (importer’s port)
(d) includes freight charges up to the importer’s works
Ans: (c) includes freight charges up to the port of unloading (importer’s port)
Explanation: Cost, Insurance and Freight” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
CIF the seller also has to procure marine insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.
6. Which of the following is not a party to a letter of credit:
(a) Advising Bank (b) Confirming Bank (c) Governing Bank (d) Issuing Bank (e) Reimbursing Bank
Ans:  Governing Bank
7. As a seller I will consider the lowest risk methods of payments?
A.Open Account
B.Documentary Collections
C.Letters of Credit
D.Cash in Advance
Ans: D.Cash in Advance
 8. The ISBP publications amend UCP 600 
A.Yes
B.NO
Ans: NO
9. Complying presentation means a presentation that is: Article 2  UCP 600
A.Within LC validity only
B.Presenting of all shipping documents
C.In accordance with LC terms & conditions
Ans: C.In accordance with LC terms & conditions
 10. If the beneficiary is not happy with the terms & conditions of LC, he can ask applicant for:
A.Fresh letter of credit (replacement)
B.An amendment
C.Applicant confirmation
 Ans: B. An amendment
11.Top of Form
issuing bank is bound by a Letter of Credit  Article 7 issuing Bank Undertaking
The 
A.  From the time of issue LC
B.  From the time the LC is advising by the Advising bank
C.  From the time LC is received by the beneficiary
Ans: From the time of issue LC
 12.Banking day means a day on which a bank is …………….at the place at which an act subject to these rules is to be performed.
Article 2 UCP 600 Defination Complying Presentation means
A.Regularly open for an act
B.Start from Monday to Friday
C.Normal days including Eid holiday
 Ans: A. Regularly open for an act

13. Nominated bank means the bank: 
A.that advise Letter of Credit
B. The Issuing Bank
C.LC available with

Ans: .LC available with
  
14)
A credit can neither be amended nor cancelled without the agreement of the following Parties:

A.
The issuing bank & The confirming bank
B.
The confirming bank & The beneficiary
C.
The issuing, confirming bank & the beneficiary (Correct Answer)
15)
Advising bank means the bank that advises the credit at the request of the………………
A.
The issuing bank (Correct Answer)
B.
The confirming bank
C.
The beneficiary
D.
The applicant
16)
The expression “on or about” or similar will be interpreted:

ARTICLE 3 HINT
A.
Five calendar days before until five calendar days after the specified date (both start and end dates included) (Correct Answer)
B.
Five calendar days before until five calendar days after the specified date (both start and end dates excluded)
C.
10 calendar days after the specified date (both start and end dates included)
17)
Branches of a bank in different countries are considered to be ……………… 
A.
Separate banks. (Correct Answer)
B.
Same Banks
18)
Terms such as “first class”, “well known”, “qualified”, “independent”, “official”, “competent” or “local” used to describe the issuer of a document allow…………………..
 
ARTICLE 3
A.
Any issuer including the beneficiary to issue that document.
B.
Any issuer except the beneficiary to issue that document. (Correct Answer)
C.
Any issuer to issue that document.
19)
Words such as “prompt”, “immediately” will be: 
 
ARTICLE 3 HINT
A.
One day
B.
One week
C.
Disregarded (Correct Answer)
20)
The words “from” and “after” when used to determine a maturity date:
ARTICLE 3
A.
Exclude the date mentioned. (Correct Answer)
B.
Include the date mentioned


21. In a consignment sale,
   A the exporter retains title to the merchandise that is shipped.

B the importer only pays the exporter after he has sold the merchandise. C if the importer cannot sell the merchandise he returns it to the exporter.
D All of the above.

ANS: ALL OF THE ABOVE

22. The euro is the name for

a currency deposited outside its country of origin.
a bond sold internationally outside of the country in whose currency 
   the bond is denominated.

a common European currency.
a type of sandwich

Ans: common European Currency


23. Suppose that the Japanese yen is selling at a forward discount in the forward-exchange market. This implies that most likely

this currency has low exchange-rate risk.
this currency is gaining strength in relation to the dollar.
interest rates are higher in Japan than in the United States.
interest rates are declining in Japan.

Ans interest rates are higher in Japan than in the United States.

24.For a trade to be classified as Merchanting Trade following conditions should be satisfied:
a. Goods acquired should not enter the Domestic Tariff Area, and
b. The state of the goods should not undergo any transformation.

C. Only a

d. a & b both

Ans: d. a & b both

25: A transferable credit can do which of the following?                                                                                                                                                            A Protect the applicant from the risks of loss and error.                                                                                                                                                                 B Allow the second beneficiary to obtain payment for complying documents.                                                                                                                              C Restrict the right of the second beneficiary to claim payment directly from the nominated bank.                                                                                               D Permit the supplier to provide the intermediary trader with the security of a documentary credit.  

Ans: B Allow the second beneficiary to obtain payment for complying documents.    

26. In accordance with UCP 600, which of the following terms may NOT be altered on a transferred documentary credit?                                                                                                                              The:                                                                                                                                                                A amount.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      B required documents.                                                                                                                                                                                         

C period for presentation.                                                                                                                                                                                                                 D amount of insurance cover

Ans: B  required documents. 

27.A unit located in a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) may open, hold and maintain a Foreign Currency Account with bank (AD) in India subject to certain conditions.

A True

B false

Ans: True

28. In case of realization and repartition of Export Proceeds, It is obligatory on the part of the exporter to realize and repatriate full value of goods or software to India within 12 months. state True or False

Ans: False

Explanation:

Category of Exporter
Time Frame
all exporters including Units in Special Economic Zones (SEZs), Status Holder Exporters, Export Oriented Units (EOUs), Units in Electronic Hardware Technology Parks (EHTPs), Software Technology Parks (STPs) & Bio-Technology Parks (BTPs) until further notice.
period of realization and repatriation of export proceeds shall be 9 months from the date of export
For goods exported to a warehouse established outside India
the proceeds shall be realized within 15 months from the date of shipment of goods.


29. Export of goods on lease, hire, etc requires RBI permisssion

A) True

B) False

Ans: True

Explanation: Prior approval of the Reserve Bank is required for export of machinery, equipment, etc., on lease, hire basis under agreement with the overseas lessee against collection of lease rentals/hire charges and ultimate re-import. Exporters should apply for necessary permission, through an AD Category – I banks, to the Regional Office concerned of the Reserve Bank, giving full particulars of the goods to be exported.

30. exporter shall be under an obligation to ensure that the shipment of goods is made within one year from the date of receipt of advance payment; the rate of interest, if any, payable on the advance payment does not exceed

A) Libor + 200 basis point

B) Libor + 100 basis point

C) Libor + 300 basis point

D) Libor + 250 basis point

Ans: B) Libor + 100 basis point

31.What is FEMA ?

  • First Exchange Management Act
  • Foreign Exchequer Management Act
  • Foreign Exchange Management Act
  • Foreign Evaluation Management Act

32.  Exports and Imports come under the purview of :
a.  Ministry of Finance
b.  Ministry of Commerce
c.  Ministry of External Affairs
d.  Ministry of Home  Affairs
e.  Ministry of SSI

Ans: b. Ministry of Commerce

33.  State Bank of India is maintaining account in Japanese Yen with American Express Bank, Tokyo. It is known as:
a.  Vostro account
b.  Nostro account
c.  Loro account
d.  Escrow account
e.  Current account

Ans: b Nostro account

Explanation: 

Nostro and vostro are simply two different names, or terms, used to describe the same bank account. The terms are used when one bank has another bank’s money on deposit, typically in relation to international trading or other financial transactions.
Both banks must record the amount of money being stored by one bank on behalf of other bank. The terms nostro and vostro are used to differentiate between the two sets of accounting records kept by each bank. A nostro account is the term used by bank “A” to refer to “our” account held by another bank, bank “B.” Nostro means “our,” and it is a shorthand way of talking about “our money that is on deposit at your bank.” Vostro account is the term used by bank “B,” where bank “A’s” money is on deposit. Vostro means “your,” and refers to “your money that is on deposit at our bank.”
vostro account is like any other account held by a bank. The account is a record of money owed to or maintained by a third party, typically another bank, but it can be either a company or an individual. Banks in the United Kingdom or the United States often hold a vostro account on behalf of a foreign bank. The vostro account is held in the currency of the country where the money is on deposit.
The nostro account is the record of the bank whose money is on deposit at another bank. These accounts are often used to simplify settlements of trade and foreign exchange transactions. For both nostro and vostro accounts, the domestic bank, the bank that is holding the account, acts as caretaker for the account and is sometimes referred to as the “facilitator” bank. Nostro accounts with debit balances are considered cash assets. Contrarily, vostro accounts with a credit balance are considered liabilities. Computerized accounting allows for easily reconciling nostro and vostro accounts just by using opposite “+” or “-” signs in the banks’ respective accounting systems. Courtesy: http://www.investopedia.com/

nostro-account

34.  Which one of the following is not a Current account transaction?
a.  Imports payables
b.  Exports receivables
c.  Insurance
d.  Dividend
e.  External  Commercial Borrowings

Ans: e. External  Commercial Borrowings

Explanation: The current account records exports and imports of goods and services as well as unilateral transfers whereas the capital account records transactions of purchase and sale of foreign assets and liabilities during a particular year. The current account considers goods and services currently being produced. 


35.  Under a “TOM Value” transaction, the rate is agreed today but the settlement is to be done on:

a.  Next working day

b.  Same day

c.  3 Working days after the date of deal

d.  4 working days after the date of  deal

e.  2 working days after the date of deal


Ans: a. Next working day

Explanation: Cash date or Trade date: The date of the transaction, say “today” If today is 25-Jan-17, then Cash date is 25-Jan-17 
Tom date: Tom is short for “tomorrow” and is the next working day from the Cash date  27 Jan 2017

Read more at: http://www.moneycontrol.com


36. What is FCNR (B) A/c ?
Ans: It means ‘Foreign Currency NonResident (Bank)’ Account.

37.Who can open a FCNR (B) a/c ?
Ans: The account can be opened in the name of NRI individuals (single/ joint) or with resident Indians on ‘former or survivor’ basis.

38. Who is a Nonresident Indian (NRI)/ Persons of Indian origin (PIO) ?
Ans: NRI are those Indian residents who are in employment, studying and staying permanently abroad. PIO are foreign nationals (except of Pakistan and Bangladesh), with their origin in India. Students proceeding abroad for higher studies are treated as Nonresidents.

39. Which type of accounts can be opened under FCNR (B) ?
Ans: Only Term Deposit with maturity of minimum 1 year & maximum 5 years.

40. In which currencies can these a/cs be opened in our Bank ?
Ans: Pound Sterling, US Dollar, Euro, Canadian Dollar and Australian Dollar.

41.Can these accounts be opened jointly with Indian residents ?
Ans: Yes, but with their resident close relative (Relative as defined in Section 6 of the Companies Act, 1956) on ‘former or survivor’ basis.

42. Which of the following is not true regarding an AWB?

 
a.  It is prima facie evidence of receipt of cargo.
b.  It is a document of title to goods.
c.  The date of dispatch indicated on the AWB will be deemed to be the date of shipment
d.  AWB serves as an instruction sheet giving all the instruction needed for moving the goods.

e.  AWB is made out in three originals

Ans: b. It is a document of title to goods.

 Explanation: Transport document issued by a carrier for air transportation. If issued by the actual carrier, it is a master air waybill. If issued by an air freight consolidator or forwarder it is a house air waybill. The document is issued in three originals and is not negotiable so it cannot be issued to the order; it is always nominative and non-endorsable. Since it is not negotiable, and it does not evidence title to the goods, in order to maintain some control of goods not paid for by cash in advance, sellers often consign air shipments to their sales agents, or freight forwarders’ agents in the buyer’s country. The standard form was designed to enhance the application of computerized systems to air freight processing for both the carrier and the shipperModel of Air Waybill.
43. BEF  is the statement which banks submit to RBI relating to ::

a.  Transactions in US Dollars
b.  Importers who have not submitted documentary evidence for import within stipulated time period
c.  Over due export bills
d.  Non performing assets

e.  Excess overnight limit position of the bank

Ans: b. Importers who have not submitted documentary evidence for import within stipulated time period
44. In relation to FEDAI, which of the following is correct:
a. Providing training-task-related acquisition of skills to bank officers by conducting workshops, seminars in the field of of forex operations
b. Formulating uniform rules and guidelines for Authorised Dealers
c. Granting accreddiation to intermediaries in the interbank forex market
d. To contribute to the development of the foreign exchange market
e. All of the above
Ans:All of the above
Explanation: Due to continuing integration of the global financial markets and increased pace of de-regulation, the role of self-regulatory organizations like FEDAI has also transformed. In such an environment, FEDAI plays a catalytic role for smooth functioning of the markets through closer co-ordination with the RBI, other organizations like FIMMDA, the Forex Association of India and various market participants. FEDAI also maximizes the benefits derived from synergies of member banks through innovation in areas like new customized products, bench marking against international standards on accounting, market practices, risk management systems, etc.

45. What is known Holiday as per FEDAI rules:

a. one is known atleast 3 working days before the date
b.one is known atleast 2 working days before the date
c. one is known atleast 4 working days before the date
d. None of these
Ans:one is known atleast 3 working days before the date

46. As per FEDAI The exchange trading hours for Inter-bank forex market in India would be from
a. 9 am to 5.30 pm
b. 9.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m
c 9.00 a.m. to 4.30 p.m
Ans: b. 9.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m
Explanations:  No customer transaction should be undertaken by the Authorised Dealers after 4.30 p.m. on all working days. 1.2 Cut-off time limit of 05.00 p.m. is not applicable for cross currency transactions. In terms of paragraph 7.1 of Internal Control Guidelines over Foreign Exchange Business of Reserve Bank of India (February 2011), Authorised Dealers are permitted to undertake cross currency transactions during extended hours, provided the Managements lay down the extended dealing hours.

47. As per FEDAI in case of dishonour of a Export bill before crystallisation, the bank shall recover.
a.  Rupee equivalent amount of the bill and foreign currency charges at TT selling rate.
b.  Rupee equivalent amount of the bill and foreign currency charges at Bill selling rate.
c   at agreed rate
Ans:Rupee equivalent amount of the bill and foreign currency charges at TT selling rate.

48. What will be the normal transit period for Export Bills in Foreign Currencies
a. 5 days
b. 25 days
c   120 days
Ans:a. 5 days
Explanations: Normal transit period comprises of the average period normally involved from the date of negotiation/purchase/discount till the receipt of bill proceeds. It is not to be confused with the time taken for the arrival of the goods at the destination. In the case of export usance bills, where due dates are fixed or are reckoned from date of shipment or date of bill of exchange etc, the actual due date is known. Therefore in such cases, normal transit period is not applicable.

49. On receipt of credit advice/statement of nostro account and compliances of guidelines, requirements of the Bank and FEMA, the Bank shall transfer funds for the credit of exporter’s account within
a. 2 working days
b. 5 working days
c  25 working days
Ans:. 2 working days

50. The two basic types of exchange rates are the:

a. spot exchange rate and the forward exchange rate.
b. spot exchange rate and the future exchange rate.
c. present exchange rate and the forward exchange rate.
d. present exchange rate and the future exchange rate.
Answer: a

51. __________ is the act of trading different currencies.
a. Foreign exchange
b. Arbitrage
c. Foreign Trade
d. Exportation
Answer: a
52. A(n) __________ is the price of one currency in terms of another currency.
a. export price
b. import price
c. exchange rate
d. arbitrage price
Answer: c

53. Who heads Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB)?
 [A]Prime Minister 
[B]Finance Minister 
[C]Finance Secretary
 [D]Home Minister
Ans: Finance Secretary 
The finance secretary {Ashok Lavasa is current Finance Secretary (2016)} is the chairman of the Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB). FIPB is a single window clearance system proposals on foreign direct investments.

54. The spot exchange rate and the forward exchange rate differ by the:
a. location of the trade.
b. type of trader.
c. type of currency exchanged.
d. timing of the actual currency exchange.
Answer: D
55. The __________ exchange rate is the price for “immediate” currency exchange.
a. forward
b. spot
c. future
d. current
Answer: B

 56. The __________ exchange rate is the price now for a currency exchange that will take place sometime in the future.

a. forward

b. spot
c. future
d. current
Answer: A
57. If the U.S. dollar is worth 129.68 Japanese yen, then the Japanese yen is worth __________ US dollars.
a. 0.007711
b. 129.68
c. 0.002289
d. 354.25
Answer: A
58. If the Canadian dollar is worth 0.6378 U.S. dollars, then the U.S. dollar is worth __________ Canadian dollars.
a. 1.5679
b. 0.6378
c. 2.2058
d. 3.7826
Answer: a. 1.5679
59. The U.S. dollar price per British pound is the __________ the British pound price per U.S. dollar.
a. reciprocal of
b. complement of
c. same as
d. sum of
Answer: A
60. The foreign exchange market is:
a. a single gathering place where traders shout buy and sell orders at each other.
b. a grouping, by electronic means, of banks and traders who work at banks that conduct foreign exchange trades.
c. located in New York.
d. located in London.
Answer: B

61. __________ foreign exchange trading involves currency exchanges done between individuals.
a. interbank
b. retail
c. special
d. government
Answer: B
62. __________ foreign exchange trading is foreign exchange trading done between the banks active in the market.
a. interbank
b. retail
c. customer
d. government
Answer: A
63. Two types of foreign exchange trading are __________ trading and __________ trading.
a. customer; interbank
b. customer; government
c. retail; interbank
d. retail; government
Answer: C
64. The foreign exchange market is a __________ market.
a. 24-hour
b. 12-hour
c. 8-hour
d. 4-hour
Answer: A
65. Nearly half of all foreign exchange trading involves banks in __________ and __________.
a. New York; Frankfurt
b. New York; London
c. London; Frankfurt
d. Tokyo; New York
Answer: B
66. The U.S. dollar is called a __________ because it is often used as an intermediary to accomplish trading between two other currencies.
a. common currency
b. main currency
c. trade currency
d. vehicle currency
Answer: D
67. The foreign exchange spot market provides __________ that permit payments to flow between individuals, businesses, and other organizations that prefer to use different currencies.
a. trade services
b. government authority
c. clearing services
d. technological services
Answer: C
68. Which of the following is NOT a function of the interbank operations of the foreign exchange market?
a. Provides a bank with a continuous stream of information on conditions in the foreign exchange market.
b. Provides a bank the means to readjust its own position quickly and at low cost.
c. Permits a bank to take on a position in a foreign currency quickly.
d. Provides a bank with technological resources for use in foreign exchange trading.Answer: D
69. A speculative position on exchange rate movements in the near future is usually held:
a. for a long time, typically lasting more than a year.
b. for a long time, typically lasting more than five years.
c. for a short time, typically being closed out by the end of the day.
d. for a long or short time, it does not matter.
Answer: C
70. The main benefit of using a foreign exchange broker is that the broker provides ___________ to the trades until an exchange rate is agreed on for a trade.
a. technological resources
b. low-cost information
c. anonymity
d. low-cost trading services
Answer: C
71. Interbank trading is conducted directly between __________ or through the use of __________ that provide anonymity until the trade is complete.
a. traders; the government
b. traders; brokers
c. individual consumers; the government
d. individual consumers; brokers
Answer: B

72. The price at which one can enter into a contract today to buy or sell a currency 30 days from now is called a 
a. Reciprocal exchange rate. 
b. Effective exchange rate. 
c. Exchange rate option. 
d. Forward exchange rate. 
e. Multilateral exchange rate. 
Ans: d 

73. Forward exchange rates are useful for those who wish to 
a. Protect themselves from the risk that the exchange rate will change before a transaction is completed. 
b. Gamble that a currency will rise in value. 
c. Gamble that a currency will fall in value. 
d. Exchange currencies at a point in time in the future. 
e. All of the above.
 Ans: e

74. Mirror accounts
Further, the account maintained by a bank(ABC) with another bank(XYZ) is known as a Nostro account like I already discussed, and the statement which it receives from the bank with which it maintains accounts in foreign currency is known as a Nostro account statement. The replica of this account is maintained by the bank in its own books for operational purposes in local currency and is known as a Nostro mirror account. It is maintained by by the local bank(XYZ) for accounting of inflows and outflows of forex taking place from a Nostro account of the bank. Lets say the Nostro account deals in USD(the foreign currency). So if the Nostro account in USD shows the actual funds position and actual credits and debits leading to the funds position and is maintained in the books of the bank ABC, the Mirror(of Nostro) account is maintained in the books of the local(XYZ) bank in the local currency, say INR.

75. FDI is prohibited in the following sectors

  • Lottery Business including Government/private lottery, online lotteries, etc.
  • Gambling and Betting including casinos etc.
  • Chit funds
  • Nidhi company
  • Trading in Transferable Development Rights (TDRs)
  • Real Estate Business or Construction of Farm Houses (Real estate business does not include development of townships, construction of residential /commercial premises, roads or bridges )
  • Manufacturing of cigars, cheroots, cigarillos and cigarettes, of tobacco or of tobacco substitutes
  • Activities/sectors not open to private sector investment e.g. Atomic Energy and Railway operations (other than permitted activities)
76.    FDI is also allowed through two different routes namely, Automatic and through the Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB). In the automatic route, foreign entities do not need the prior approval of the government to invest. However, they have to inform the RBI about the amount of investment within a stipulated time period. In specific sectors, FDI is through the FIPB or the Government route where the FIPB has to approve each foreign investment.
77. What is the net worth required for setting up Branch office and Liason office in India by Foreign Companies?
Ans: The non-resident entity applying for a BO/LO in India should have a financially sound track record viz:

  1. For Branch Office — a profit making track record during the immediately preceding five financial years in the home country and net worth of not less than USD 100,000 or its equivalent.
  2. For Liaison Office — a profit making track record during the immediately preceding three financial years in the home country and net worth of not less than USD 50,000 or its equivalent.

78. Branch Offices: Permissible Activities

a). Companies incorporated outside India and engaged in manufacturing or trading activities are allowed to set up Branch Offices in India with specific approval of the Reserve Bank. Such Branch Offices are permitted to represent the parent / group companies and undertake the following activities in India:
  1. Export / Import of goods.
  2. Rendering professional or consultancy services.
  3. Carrying out research work, in areas in which the parent company is engaged.
  4. Promoting technical or financial collaborations between Indian companies and parent or overseas group company.
  5. Representing the parent company in India and acting as buying / selling agent in India.
  6. Rendering services in information technology and development of software in India.
  7. Rendering technical support to the products supplied by parent/group companies.
  8. Foreign airline / shipping company.
Normally, the Branch Office should be engaged in the activity in which the parent company is engaged.
b) Retail trading activities of any nature is not allowed for a Branch Office in India.
c) A Branch Office is not allowed to carry out manufacturing or processing activities in India, directly or indirectly.
d) Profits earned by the Branch Offices are freely remittable from India, subject to payment of applicable taxes.

79. BUYERS/SUPPLIERS CREDIT
Trade Credits refer to the credits extended by the overseas supplier, bank and financial institution for maturity up to five years for imports into India. Depending on the source of finance, such trade credits include suppliers’ credit or buyers’ credit. Suppliers’ credit relates to the credit for imports into India extended by the overseas supplier, while buyers’ credit refers to loans for payment of imports into India arranged by the importer from overseas bank or financial institution. Imports should be as permissible under the extant Foreign Trade Policy of the Director General of Foreign Trade (DGFT).
A. Routes and Amount of Trade CreditAutomatic Route: ADs are permitted to approve trade credit for import of non- capital and capital goods up to USD 20 million or equivalent per import transaction.
Approval Route: The proposals involving trade credit for import of non-capital and capital goods beyond USD 20 million or equivalent per import transaction are considered by the RBI.
B. Maturity

  • Maximum Maturity in case of import of non capital goods (Raw Material, Consumables, Accessories, Spares, Components, Parts etc): upto 1 year from the date of shipment or operating Cycle whichever is less.



  • Maximum Maturity in case of import of capital goods : upto 5 years from the date of shipment (Beyond 3 years banks are not allowed to provide Letter of Undertaking / comfort)



  • Incase of Capital Goods, the ab-initio (from beginning) contract period should be 6 (six) months for all trade credits.



C. All-in-cost Ceilings: 6 Month Libor (respective currency of credit) + 350 bps
80. General Prohibition on making of Overseas Direct Investment (ODI):

As per the FEMA Regulations, any Indian entity can only with the prior approval of the Reserve Bank, make investment in the foreign entities engaged in the below mentioned sectors:


  • Real Estate;



  • Banking Businesses.



  • Any Investment in the Country of Pakistan.






81. Investment Limit under Overseas Direct Investment (ODI)


:Any Investment to be made by the eligible investors shall not exceed the limit of 400 % of the net worth of the Investor. 


However the cap of 400% shall not be applicable in case investment is made out of the funds:


  • Held in the Exchange Earner's Foreign Currency (EFFC) Account; or



  • Raised through the issue of ADRs/GDRs provided that ADRs/GDRs are issued in accordance with the Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds and Ordinary Shares (through Depository Receipt Mechanism) Scheme, 1993 and other guidelines issued by the government.



Further the cap limit of 400 percent shall also not be applicable in case the investment is to be made in the unincorporated entities in the oil sector by Navratna PSUs, ONGC, Videsh Limited and Oil India Limited (OIL) provided that such investment is subject to the approval of the competent authority.




82.AIRWAY BILL: The air waybill is a contract of carriage between the shipper and air carrier. It is issued by the air carrier and serves as a receipt for the shipper. When the shipper gives the cargo to a freight consolidator or forwarder for transportation, the air waybill is obtained from the consolidator or forwarder.


83. What is Multimodal Transport Bills of Lading and through Bill of Lading? 


Ans: Multimodal transport bill of lading and combined bill of lading are transport documents covering transport by more than one mode of transport.


Through Bill of Lading :  Through Bill of lading is virtually identical to the Multimodal Transport Bill of lading but with one major difference. The Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading is issued by the Multimodal Transport Operator (MTO) (generally the sea carrier) who takes responsibility of the goods (e.g. shortages, losses, damages) during the entire period of transport, thus not only for the sea passage but also for the other transport modes as well. The Through Bill of Lading is issued by the sea carrier but the carrier states on the contract of carriage that he is only responsible of the goods for that part of the carriage he takes care of, such as the sea passage only.







TYPES OF BILL OF LADING



There are various types of bill of lading depending on the requirements of the shipment:


STRAIGHT BILL OF LADING



This is used when the goods are already paid for and are directly shipped to the customer.


TO ORDER BILL OF LADING



This is used when the goods are sold on trade credit and the shipment can be either to a distributor or the customer.


CLEAN BILL OF LADING



This is used to state that the goods were in proper condition when loaded. This is a sign off from the carrier.


SOILED BILL OF LADING



This is used when the goods are marred in any way or are damaged.


INLAND BILL OF LADING



This is used to ship goods domestically through railways or roads, but not through seas.


OCEAN BILL OF LADING



This is used to ship goods through seas, both nationally and internationally.


THROUGH BILL OF LADING



This is used in complex transactions where the shipment passes through different ways of transportation and also various centers of distribution. This bill of lading requires an ocean and inland bill of lading.


MULTIMODAL/ COMBINED TRANSPORT BILL OF LADING



A type of through bill of lading where a shipment involves at least two ways of transport.


84. As per foreign Trade policy for making advance import payment for import of Aircraft and Choppers whose permission is required:


a. RBI


b. DGCA


c. Ministry of Finance


Ans:b. DGCA 


Explanation: As a sector specific measure, entities which have been permitted under the extant Foreign Trade Policy to import aircrafts and helicopters (including used / second hand aircraft and helicopters) or any other person who has been granted permission by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) to operate Scheduled or Non-Scheduled Air Transport Service (including Air Taxi Services), can make advance remittance without bank guarantee or an unconditional, irrevocable Standby Letter of Credit, up to USD 50 million. 


85. The entire Merchanting Trade Transactions should be completed within an overall period of ______ months and there should not be any outlay of foreign exchange beyond______  months.


a. 9 and 4


b. 9 and 9


c. 9 and 6


d.12 and 9


Ans: a. 9 and 4

86.  FATF stands for-








1)  Financial Accountability Task Frame
2) Fiscal Accountability Trade Force
3)  Fiscal Action Task Force
4)  Financial Action Task Force


Ans: Financial Action Task Force





87. which is not compulsory for disbursement of PCFC to client


a. IEC


b. Underlying contract in the form of PI, PO or LC


c. ECGC policy taken by customer.


d. ECGC policy taken by bank


Ans: ECGC policy taken by customer.






88. Branch office in India Of foreign companies are allowed open FCY accounts for normal operations in India


A Yes


B No


C Its AD’s discretion


D None of above


Ans B




89. Prior approval from RBI is required for


a Remittance of USD 25000 from Proprietor’s Current account from its individual LRS eligibility


b For soliciting deposits for their foreign/overseas branches


c to open, maintain and hold foreign currency account with a bank outside India for making remittances under the LRS


d None of these


Ans B




90.The time-frame for a traveller who has returned to India to surrender foreign exchange?


A 180 days


B 365 days


C 7 days


D None of these


Ans A


91.  Resident Foreign Currency (RFC) Account with an AD will be of type


  1. Current account

  2. Savings

  3. Term deposit

  4. Any of these



Ans B



92. Regulatory limits # 2–Part Drawings/ Undrawn Balances—Limit of 10%


(i) In certain lines of export trade, it is the practice to leave a small part of the invoice value undrawn for payment after adjustment due to differences in weight, quality, etc., to be ascertained after arrival and inspection, weighment or analysis of the goods. In such cases, AD Category – I banks may negotiate the bills, provided:


a) The amount of undrawn balance is considered normal in the particular line of export trade, subject to a maximum of 10 per cent of the full export value.


b) An undertaking is obtained from the exporter on the duplicate of EDF forms that he will surrender/account for the balance proceeds of the shipment within the period prescribed for realization.


(ii) In cases where the exporter has not been able to arrange for repatriation of the undrawn balance in spite of best efforts, AD Category – I banks, on being satisfied with the bona fides of the case, should ensure that the exporter has realized at least the value for which the bill was initially drawn (excluding undrawn balances) or 90 per cent of the value declared on EDF form, whichever is more and a period of one year has elapsed from the date of shipment.


As per guidelines existing on 26th Nov 2016




93.Under LRS, Individuals are permitted to open and maintain foreign currency accounts




  1. With Banks in India

  2. With Foreign Banks in India

  3. With banks abroad

  4. With Offshore Banking Units ( OBU) in India



Ans c 




94.International Debit Cards can be used


a.For any current account transaction


b.For any permissible current account transaction


c.For any capital account transaction


d.For payment of call back charges


Ans b 




95. Where the amount of advance exceeds USD X or its equivalent, a guarantee from a bank of international repute situated outside India, or a guarantee from an AD Category – I bank in India, if such a guarantee is issued against the counter-guarantee of a bank of international repute situated outside India, should be obtained from the overseas beneficiary. The value of X is


  1. USD 500000

  2. USD 5000000

  3. USD 200000

  4. None of these.



Ans a. As per extant guidelines on 22.11.2016




96. Recipients of foreign inward remittances are allowed to retain up to what extent in the EEFC Account


a 100%  b 50 %  c 10 %  d 25 %


Ans a




97. Citizens of Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, China, Iran, Nepal, Bhutan, Macau or Hong Kong, (10 countries) irrespective of their residential status, cannot, without prior permission of the Reserve Bank, acquire or transfer immovable property in India, other than on lease, not exceeding




  1. 5 years

  2. 3 years

  3. 7 years

  4. None of these.



Ans: 5 years




98. PAN card need not be insisted upon for remittance made towards permissible current account transactions up to USD _______ per financial year.


a. 25000


b. 5000


c. 10000


d. none of these


Ans: 25000




99.  ECB -2 has to be filed with the RBI within _______ working days from the close of month



a. 5


b. 7


c. 6


d. none of these



100. Bank XYZ of India send collection documents to bank of tokyo in Japan for collecting payment from japanese importer for USD 20000, Indian bank receives payment in Jp morgan chase USA Nostro, As per URC 522 - Article 3 who is the remitting bank?


a. Bank in India


b. Bank in USA


C bank in tokyo




Ans: Bank In India




Explanations: ARTICLE 3 PARTIES TO A COLLECTION a For the purposes of these Articles the "parties thereto" are: 1 the "principal" who is the party entrusting the handling of a collection to a bank; 2 the "remitting bank" which is the bank to which the principal has entrusted the handling of a collection; 3 the "collecting bank" which is any bank, other than the remitting bank, involved in processing the collection; 4 the "presenting bank" which is the collecting bank making presentation to the drawee. b The "drawee" is the one to whom presentation is to be made in accordance with the collection instruction.






101. URC 522 - Article 18 PAYMENT IN FOREIGN CURRENCY

In the case of documents payable in a currency other than that of the country of payment (foreign currency), the presenting bank must, unless otherwise instructed in the collection instruction, release the documents to the drawee against payment in the designated foreign currency only if such foreign currency can immediately be remitted in accordance with the instructions given in the collection instruction.




102. Which one is true about the UCP?



    1. A set of general guidelines that each party to a letter of credit may comply with if they choose.



    2. A set of rules that a bank may include in a letter of credit the bank issues if the bank wishes to, but which all parties must adhere to if so included.



    3. A law that governs all letters of credit.



    4. The bar code that appears on the packaging of most consumer products



  1. Ans: A set of rules that a bank may include in a letter of credit the bank issues if the bank wishes to, but which all parties must adhere to if so included.







103.  What happens if a confirming bank fails to examine documents before the end of the fifth day following presentation?


a.  The confirmation ceases to exist and the bank must forward the documents to the issuing bank for payment.


b.  If the documents have no discrepancies, the confirming bank may owe past due interest for “wrongful dishonor,” but, if the documents do have discrepancies, nothing much happens as their obligation is only to honor compliant documents.


c.  The confirming bank must send a notice of refusal stating the reasons the bank was unable to examine the documents within the five-day time frame.


d.  The confirming bank becomes obligated to pay even if the documents contain discrepancies.


Ans: The confirming bank becomes obligated to pay even if the documents contain discrepancies.


104. If a UCP600 letter of credit calls for presentation of a multimodal transport document, which of the following is true?


  1. The multimodal transport document must be marked “clean on board.”

  2. The letter of credit must specify a place of dispatch, a port of loading, a port of discharge, and a final destination.

  3. The letter of credit must specify a place of dispatch and a final destination, but must not specify a port of loading or a port of discharge.

  4. None of the above. Ans:




105. Which of the following is true?

  1. Under UCP600, banks no longer have to worry about documents being consistent with each other.

  2. Bills of lading with language that calls into question the delivery of goods against surrender of an original bill of lading were acceptable under UCP500, but not under UCP600.

  3. When talking about letters of credit, the expression “banks examine documents on their face” means that banks examine the front of documents but not the back.

  4. Under UCP600, an issuing bank is permitted to refuse documents but then change their minds and rescind their refusal.



Ans:Under UCP600, an issuing bank is permitted to refuse documents but then change their minds and rescind their refusal.




106. A letter of credit is issued calling for shipment from Long Beach, CA, partial shipments allowed. An amendment is made, changing the port of loading to Los Angeles, CA, but curtailing the latest shipping date by a month. Which of the following is true?

  1. The beneficiary must now ship from Los Angeles.

  2. The beneficiary may continue to ship from Long Beach, but, if the beneficiary does so, it will be deemed to constitute rejection of the amendment.

  3. The beneficiary may now ship from Los Angeles, but, if the beneficiary does so, it will be deemed that the beneficiary has accepted the amendment, including the earlier deadline for shipments. Ans

  4. The beneficiary may accept the change in ports and reject the change in the latest shipping date, as long as the beneficiary does so expressly, either before or upon presentation of documents.




107.Under UCP600, if a bank is closed for unplanned reasons (force majeure), what happens to letters of credit that expire before the bank reopens?

  1. The bank will pay for compliant documents that were presented before the day the bank closed, even though they were not examined until after the bank reopened. Ans:

  2. The bank will accept presentation of documents within 30 calendar days after they reopen, as long as they are all dated prior to the expiration dates of the respective letters of credit.

  3. If the beneficiary presented documents X days before the day the bank closed, they will be allowed 5-X days after the bank reopens to correct discrepancies.

  4. All of the above.





108. When an issuing bank decides to refuse documents due to discrepancies under a letter of credit they made subject to UCP600, which of the following are the bank required to do?

  1. Contact the applicant and see whether the applicant will grant a waiver of the discrepancies.

  2. Notify the presenter of the documents of every discrepancy on which the refusal is based. Ans

  3. Notify the presenter either that they are holding the documents at the disposal of the presenter or that they are returning them.

  4. Send notice of refusal “immediately” upon deciding to refuse the documents.




 109. If packing credit is availed in foreign currency the interrest is linked to:


a. Libor


b. Mibor


C. BPLR-2%


Ans: a. LIBOR






110. One month outright forward rate for GBP/INR is 80.81/80.83 and the relevant swap points are 10/9, then the outright spot rate for GBP/INR is:




a.  80.71/80.74


b.  80.90/80.93


c.  80.91/80.93


d.  80.72/80.73


e.  80.91/80.92

Ans: a. 80.71/80.74

  1. 111. For recurring expenses, remittances up to X per cent of the average annual sales/income or turnover during the last two financial years, are permissible. The value of x is


a 15%  b 25%  c 10 %  d None of these

Ans C

      112. What are the type of rates that are not quoted for foreign exchange purchase transactions.

a.TT selling

b.Bill Buying
c.Currency Buying
d.TT buying
Ans a
113. What are the type of rates that are not quoted for foreign exchange sale transactions.
a.TT selling
b.Bill Selling
c.Currency Selling
d.None of these
Ans d
114 what is maxim applied for direct quotes
a Buy High Sell Low
b. Buy Low Sell High
c.Either of above
d None of above
Ans b

    115.Which person resident outside India can not purchase shares or convertible debentures issued by Indian company under automatic route without FIPB approval ?

  1. A citizen of Pakistan
  2. A citizen of Bangladesh
  3. A citizen of Nepal
  4. A citizen of Sri Lanka
Ans 1

116. Exporters Caution list is informed to Ads by

a COX series Circular

b DIR series circular
c Automated and to be downloaded on daily basis through EPDMS
d None of these
Ans b
117.
  1. NRI is a person who is
a citizen of India
b person resident outside India
c person of Indian Origin
d all of above
Ans d
118. FIRC are issued in form known as
a BCI b ETX c FIR d LEG
Ans a BCI

119. Under FERA 1973
a. A person was presumed guilty unless he proved himself innocent
b.ADs were free to carry out any transaction

c.A person was free to do any current account transaction.
d.A person was presumed innocent unless he is proven guilty
Ans a.
120.As per FEMA, who from directorate of enforcement can
    1.  take up investigative work in the case of any contravention under the Act?

a.Officers not below the rank of Assistant Director
b Officers not below the rank of Deputy Director
c.Officers not below the rank of Director
d Officers not below the rank of Joint Director
Ans a

121.Authorised Dealers obtain simplified application cum declaration form A2 up to
a.USD 5000 or equivalent
b.USD 25000 or equivalent
c.USD 10000 or equivalent
d.INR 25000 or equivalent
Ans b

122 What is limit of permissible foreign exchange that can be released to a traveller going to Nepal ?
a.USD 5000 or equivalent
b.USD 10000 or equivalent
c .No foreign exchange can be released
d.None of these
Ans c

    123.What is maximum monetary penalty payable in FEMA?

a Five times the amount involved
b Double the amount involved
c Three Times the amount involved
d No relation with amount involved
Ans c

  1. 124.the offence in FERA was treated as

a Civil Offence
b Trivial Offence
c Criminal Offence
d None of these.
Ans c

  • 125. when a forward contract cancelled with one AD be rebooked with another AD?

    a with permission of AD
    b with permission of RBI
    c when the second AD agrees
    d The switch is warranted by competitive rates on offer.
    Ans d

      126. what is currency in which FCNR accounts can be opened?

    a.any freely convertible foreign currency
    b.USD, JPY,EUR, GBP, CAD & AUD
    c GBP , USD only
    d.USD, JPY,EUR, GBP, CAD & NLG.
    Ans a
    127.NRO accounts can be
    a savings
    b savings, current
    c savings, current, term deposits
    d.  savings, current, term deposits, recurring
    Ans d

    128. What happened to forwards booked to hedge balances in EEFC account?
    a.to be delivered
    b. to be cancelled
    c.to be crystallized
    d. to be transferred
    Ans a

    129 FEMA 1999 came into force from which date
    a Dec 31,1999
    b.Jan 01 2000
    c.June 30 2000
    d. June 1 2000
    Ans d
    130 What is the period within which an individual should surrender unspent foreign exchange to ADs?
    a 180 days
    b 90 days
    c 1 year
    d  Immediately on return
    Ans a

      131. Prohibited Current Account transactions (V.Imp!!!!) – you can’t draw foreign exchange for:-

    1. Forex can’t be drawn for making payment to any person in Nepal or Bhutan! Use Rupees!
    2. Remitting lottery winnings outside India.
    Remitting any income from winning in any races/ horse races/ hobbies etc.
    3. You can’t remit any money outside India for the purchase of lottery tickets, or banned magazines, sweepstakes, betting etc.
    4. You can’t draw forex for making payments on any ‘Call Back Services’ on telephone calls – call back is when you call and then immediately get a call back being routed through the telephone services of a company where charges are lower.
    132. The limit under Liberalised Remittance Scheme, has be increase to USD 2,50,000 per financial year for permissible current or capital account transaction or a combination of both, whereby all resident individuals, including minors, are allowed to freely remit to that extent – the increase came in 2015.
    133. The Authorized Dealers under FEMA are classified into
    a) 2 Categories
    b) 3 Categories
    c) 4 Categories
    d) Only 1 category
    134. Indian rupee is fully convertible on
    a) Current account transactions
    b) Capital account transactions
    c) Both current and capital account transactions
    d) Neither under current account nor under capital account.
    135. Non resident Bank accounts refer to
    a) NOSTRO accounts
    b) VOSTRO accounts
    c) Accounts opened in offshore centres
    d) None of the above
    136. The number of NOSTRO accounts that can be maintained by a Bank in a particular currency is
    a) Not exceeding ten
    b) Minimum two
    c) Dependent on the number of Overseas branches of the Bank
    d) No such limit.
    137. Remittances through the Exchange Houses under the Rupee Drawing Arrangements for financing of trade
    transactions are permitted up to

    a) Rs. 2,00,000 per transaction
    b) Rs. 5,00,000 per transaction
    c) Rs. 50,000 per transaction
    d) No such limit.
    Ans: b) Rs. 5,00,000 per transaction
    138. Authorised Dealers – Category I in India are
    a) All scheduled commercial banks in India
    b) All public sector banks in India
    c) All banks authorised by RBI to deal in foreign exchange
    d) All of the above.
    Ans: c) All banks authorised by RBI to deal in foreign exchange
    139. International Finance Corporation finances exclusively
    a) Private sector enterprises.
    b) Public sector enterprises
    c) Both private and public sector enterprises.
    d) Private, Public and Government enterprises.
    140. Importer-Exporter Code is allotted by
    a) Directorate General of Foreign Trade
    b) Customs Authorities
    c) Respective banks where the customers maintain their accounts
    d) Department of Exports & Imports.
    141. The application to be submitted to customs for clearance of export cargo is
    a) Shipping document
    b) Shipping Bill
    c) Export General Manifesto
    d) None of the above.
    142. Beneficiary under the letter of credit is
    a) The bank opening the letter of credit
    b) The customer of the LC Opening Bank
    c) The confirming bank
    d) The exporter
    143. Banks are advised to achieve target of ___ % of their total Net Bank Credit under export finance
    a. 15
    b. 20
    c. 12
    d. 10
    144. Specific Approval List (SAL) pertains to
    a. OFAC
    b. ECGC
    c. DGFT
    d. None of the above
    13. Renewal of export credit facilities should be considered within ___ days from the date of application
    a. 30
    b. 20
    c. 10
    d. 7
    145. Kimberly Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) relates more to
    a. Diamonds
    b. Gold
    c. Conflict diamonds
    d. Silver
    146. Banks may release packing credit
    a. In one lumpsum
    b. In stages as per requirement
    c. Either a or b
    d. None of the above
    147. Packing credit can be liquidated, subject to certain ceiling, also from
    a. EEFC
    b. Rupee resources
    c. Either or both a and b
    d. None of the above
    148. When a letter of credit does not indicate whether it is revocable or irrevocable, it is treated as
    a) Revocable
    b) Irrevocable
    c) Ambiguous
    d) None of the above and an amendment is sought for clarification.
    149. A confirmed letter of credit is one
    a) Confirmed to be authentic
    b) Confirmed by the Importer to be correct
    c) Confirmed by the Exporter that he agrees to the conditions
    d) Confirmed by the Bank (other than the LC opening bank).
    150. Under the confirmed letter of credit, the undertaking of the confirming bank is
    a) In addition to that of the opening bank.
    b) In substitution of the undertaking of the opening bank
    c) Subject to government policies of the exporter country
    d) None of the above.
    151. A transferable letter of credit can be transferred
    a) Once
    b) Twice
    c) Thrice
    d) Any number of times
    152. A letter of credit which provides for granting of pre-shipment finance as well as storage of goods in the name
    of the Bank is
    a) Red clause Letter of Credit
    b) Standby Letter of Credit
    c) Green clause Letter of Credit
    d) Secured Letter of Credit
    153. A letter of credit carries an undertaking of the opening bank to pay up to a specified amount in case of nonperformance
    of certain obligation by the applicant. This letter of credit is
    a) Invalid
    b) Anticipatory letter of credit
    c) Standby letter of credit
    d) Performance letter of credit
    154. The description of goods in the following document should agree exactly with the description in the letter of
    credit
    a) Bill of Lading
    b) Commercial Invoice
    c) Certificate of Origin
    d) All of the above
    155. As per UCP, the minimum amount for which marine insurance should be effected is
    a) FOB value
    b) CIF value
    c) FOB value plus 10 %
    d) CIF value plus 10 %
    156. Expiry date of a letter of credit refers to
    a) The last date for shipment
    b) The last date for negotiation
    c) The last date for presentation of documents to issuing Bank
    d) Last date of the month in which shipment can be made.
    157. Under URR, the reimbursement authorisation is issued by
    a) LC Issuing Bank
    b) LC Negotiating Bank
    c) LC Advising Bank
    d) LC Confirming Bank
    158. Certificate of Origin indicates
    a) The country of shipment of goods
    b) The place of manufacture of goods
    c) The country of manufacture of goods
    d) The country of origin of the supplier
    159. The following document does not evidence sale
    a) Consular invoice
    b) Certified invoice
    c) Visaed invoice
    d) Proforma invoice
    160. Llyods clause signifies
    a) Certification of the beneficiary’s details on the Bill of Lading
    b) Certification of the sea worthiness of the vessel carrying the goods
    c) Certification of goods on board the vessel
    d) Certification that the goods placed on board the ship are free from any defects.
    161. Freight to pay BL is acceptable if
    a) Contract terms are CIF
    b) Contract terms are C&F
    c) Contract terms are FOB
    d) Contract terms are Freight prepaid
    162. INCO terms cover
    a) Trade in tangibles
    b) Ownership and transfer rights
    c) Contracts of carriage
    d) Rights and obligations of parties to contract of sales.
    163. The INCO term providing the least responsibility to the seller is
    a) DDP
    b) FOB
    c) CIF
    d) Ex-works
    164. The INCO term providing the least responsibility to the buyer is
    a) DDP
    b) FOB
    c) CIF
    d) Ex-works
    165. Adoption of INCO terms is
    a) Compulsory for all international contracts
    b) Compulsory for all letter of credit transactions
    c) Optional for the parties to the contract
    d) Mandatory for transactions with OFAC countries.
    166. The amount of packing credit should not normally exceed
    a) The local cost of manufacture for the exporter
    b) FOB value of the export contract
    c) CIF value of the export contract
    d) Cost of manufacture or the FOB value of the export contract whichever is lower.
    167. Pre-shipment credit can be made available by Bank for a maximum period of
    a) 90 days
    b) 180 days
    c) 270 days
    d) 360 days
    168. Under Pre-shipment credit, RBI would provide re-finance only for a period not exceeding
    a) 90 days
    b) 180 days
    c) 270 days
    d) 360 days
    169. Application for Extension of time for realization of export bills should be made in form
    a) EBW
    b) GR
    c) ETX
    d) XOS
    170. Collection of export bills are subject to ICC regulations under :
    a) UCP
    b) URR
    c) URC
    d) URDG
    171. Pick the odd country out:
    a) Sudan
    b) Iran
    c) Iraq
    d) Cuba

    172. Import licences are required for import of goods coming under
    a) Prohibited List
    b) OFAC List
    c) Negative List
    d) Restricted cover countries

    173. Buyer’s credit (Import of raw materials) can be extended for a maximum period of:
    a) 360 days from date of shipment linked to operating cycle and trade transaction.
    b) 360 days from date of receipt of goods linked to the trade transaction.
    c) 360 days from the date of filing BOE linked to operating cycle and trade transaction.
    d) Depending on the tenor of the import linked to the trade transaction.
    174. A bill of lading issued by the carrier for goods delivered in apparent good order and condition is called:
    a) Bearer Bill of Lading
    b) Clause Bill of Lading
    c) Clean Bill of Lading
    d) Carrier Bill of Lading
    175. The financial risk that a borrower, customer or obligor will not pay on due date because of the political,
    economic or social instability in his country is called
    a) Settlement risk
    b) Credit risk
    c) Country risk
    d) Reputational risk
    176. The current EXIM Policy of our country is valid for a period of
    a) 10 years
    b) 5 years
    c) 3 years
    d) 1 year
    177. SWIFT refers to
    a) Society for Worldwide International Financial Transaction
    b) Society for Worldwide Inter-Bank Financial Transaction
    c) Society for Worldwide Inter-Bank Financial Telecommunication
    d) Society for Worldwide International Financial Telecommunication
    178. SFMS refers to
    a) Society for financial messaging services
    b) Structured Financial Messaging System
    c) Structured Financial Messaging Services
    d) Structured Financial Messaging Scheme
    179. ISBP refers to
    a) International Standby Practices
    b) International Standard Banking Policies
    c) International Standard Banking practices
    d) International Structured Banking practices
    180. SDF refers to
    a) Standard Documentary Facts
    b) Structured Documentary Financials
    c) Statutory Declaration Form
    d) Shipping Declaration Forms
    181. INCO terms refer to
    a) International Commercial Terms
    b) International Communication Terms
    c) International Conference Terms
    d) International Commodity Terms.
    182. SGS signifies
    a) Certification on the weights of the commodities
    b) Certification on Inspection of the commodities
    c) Certification on the authenticity of the documents under LC
    d) Certification on the packing condition of the commodities.
    183.Form 83 refers to
    a) Application filed with RBI for allotment of Loan Registration No for ECB-Automatic route.
    b) Application filed with RBI for opening a Branch abroad
    c) Application filed with RBI for opening a Project office
    d) Application for draw down of the ECB.
    184.. Form ECB refers to
    a) Application filed with RBI for allotment of Loan Key No for EC-Approval route.
    b) Application for draw down of ECB under the automatic route
    c) Application filed with RBI for allotment of Loan Registration No. For ECB–Automatic route
    d) Application for closure of ECB under the approval route
    185. AD Banks are now permitted to approve buyer’s credits for imports into India up to a maximum of
    a) USD 20 Mn per import transaction
    b) USD 10 Mn per import transaction
    c) USD 50 Mn per import transaction
    d) No such limit.
    186. Drafts drawn by the Exchange Houses should have a validity of ….. months from the date of issue thereof:
    a) 3 months
    b) 6 months
    c) 9 months
    d) 12 months
    Ans:a) 3 months

    187. In India, documents under LC will not be negotiated on Saturdays as Forex Markets are closed on Saturdays
    – True/FALSE.
    Ans: False
    188. A credit is irrevocable even if there is no indication to that effect – TRUE/False
    Ans: True
    189. A commercial invoice need not be signed – TRUE/False
    Ans: True
    190. The description of the goods in a commercial invoice must correspond with that appearing in the credit –
    TRUE/False
    191. Under Documentary Credit, the bank is under obligation to accept a presentation even outside its banking
    hours -True/FALSE
    192. Reasonable period under UCP 600 refers to 5 calendar days following the day of presentation – True/FALSE
    193. Globalization results in development of new financial instruments – TRUE/False
    194. Settlement risk refers to the risk on the counter-party in settling the transaction – TRUE/False
    195. ECBs are permitted for working capital requirements under exceptional circumstances – True/FALSE
    196. SWIFT is a co-operative Society. TRUE/False
    197. Under pre-shipment credit, running account facility can be considered to sub-suppliers: True/False
    198. Normal Transit Period (NTP) is the time taken for the arrival of the goods at the destination. – True/False
    199. Under ECNOS concessional rate of interest is not offered – True/False
    200. An exporter can avail of PCFC in US Dollars against an export order invoiced in EURO – True/False





















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